Reference List

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Barbican Gallery

The Barbican Gallery in London has a lot to offer about the Duchamp period including works from Jasper Johns to Robert Rauschenberg. ‘Shades’ produced in 1964 by Robert Rauschenberg, as pictured below, is one of the many artworks featured in this exhibition. When walking into the exhibition space it is very easy for the viewer to feel challenged about the atmosphere, certain pieces of work and the music playing in the background. However, as well as this, there are a great deal of great artists work featured in this collection which is very inspiring as some of the pioneering graphic designers of the 20^th century. Rauschenberg’s ‘Shades’ were created on six lithographs, mounted in a slotted aluminum box illuminated from behind. The idea behind ‘Shades’ was for the viewer to feel free to rearrange the composition and alignment as the title was fixed but the five other plates could be reordered. This was done for the viewer to interact with the artwork, removing the creative process from the artist’s hands instead of ‘pages’ following a chronological order. The colour of the lithographs also makes it easier for them to be rearranged, as there is not dominant colour or shape within these that would rule over the other shades.

Robert Rauschenberg - Shades, 1964

Edward Weston

Edward Weston’s composition within his photography is very peculiar in the way he compares different life forms and objects to each other. After opening his new photography studio in California, Weston became very successful and well known for his soft-focused images and compositions. During his days, Weston photographed a lot of nude women posing similarly to some still life peppers he had previously photographed. It may be believed that the reason why he did this was because he wanted to relate and link still life objects to human life and show similarities between the main characteristics of the two. It is very clear to see the resemblance between the pepper and the nude body of a woman. The rounded shape around the bum area and the top of the pepper is a perfect example of the similarities between the two. Also the composition of both is beautiful and the lighting used to photograph each image was thought of carefully and analysed as to the shadows that would form from it.

Edward Weston - The Pepper No. 30, 1930

Edward Weston - Nude, 1927

TFL Ticket Inspectors

Another one of Craig Ward’s fantastic pieces of art is ‘TFL Ticket Inspectors’ poster designed for the London Underground. The design of the poster is quite striking and mysterious in a way. The use of colour really makes the whole design quite cold looking and although seeing the face in the background is not very easy to spot, once the viewer sees this, he or she may agree that it almost feels like the person behind the writing is constantly watching them. Ward’s idea and thought behind this poster is put across simply and it is very straight to the point as it is hard not to understand what the poster is trying to communicate. For most Londoners, this poster may have become something they’re used to seeing everyday, but the emotion and personality of the poster still strikes new comers into London to think about ticket inspections on all London Transport and the risks they put themselves into when not paying for a ticket fare. Which clearly states and shows that the poster is still effective even after 2 or more years of being around in London.

Craig Ward - TFL Ticket Inspectors, 2011